1.Those who criticize Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development are most likely to suggest

that he:

a. underestimated the impact of maturation on the development of formal operational thought.

b. overestimated the number of individuals who routinely achieve formal operational reasoning.

c. underestimated the age at which people first develop formal operational skills.

d. overestimated the continuity of cognitive development.

B

2. A student who does not cheat on tests because he fears what his friends will think of him if he

gets caught is in Kohlberg's ________ stage.

a. preconventional

b. preoperational

c. conventional

d. postconventional

C

3. Which of the following terms refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills?

a. fluid intelligence

b. concrete operational intelligence

c. formal operational intelligence

d. crystallized intelligence

D

4. Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity

for:

a. competence.

b. intimacy.

c. autonomy.

d. trust.

B

5. .Erikson's theory, the sense of integrity achieved in late adulthood refers to the feeling that:

a. one's life has been meaningful.

b. one is healthy and not dependent upon others.

c. one is acting ethically.

d. one's life is full of close friendships

A.

7. A stage theory of development has been advanced by:

a. Kohlberg.

b. Erikson.

c. Levinson.

d. Piaget.

e. all the above.

E

8.Research suggests that in later life crystallized intelligence ________ and fluid intelligence

________.

a. increases; decreases

b. decreases; increases

c. increases; increases

d. decreases; decreases

9. AVincent's ability to test hypotheses successfully in his geometry class indicates he is in the

________ stage of development.

a. concrete operational

b. formal operational

c. preconventional

d. postconventional

e. preoperational

B

.

10. Philip, a 50-year-old banking executive, has just learned from his physician that he has only

one year to live. According to Kubler-Ross, his first reaction to hearing this news is likely to be:

a. "I'm going to live life to the fullest."

b. "Why me?"

c. "Life isn't worth living any longer."

d. "No, it's not possible."

D

11. Critics of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have suggested that postconventional

morality is more characteristic of _______ than of _______.

a. men; women

b. Democrats; Republicans

c. socialists; capitalists

d. African Americans; white Americans

e. Catholics; Protestants

A

12. Henry resists stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he's afraid his

mother will spank him if he does. Henry's thinking best represents a(n) ________ morality.

a. egocentric

b. conventional

c. preconventional

d. concrete operational

e. postconventional

A

13. The last areas of the child's brain to develop are the association areas of the cortex concerned

with:

a. thinking, memory, and language.

b. controlled elimination of bodily wastes.

c. physical coordination and balance.

d. visual perception.

A

14. Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child:

a. is heavily dependent on the child's temperament.

b. is like a blank slate at birth.

c. is not heavily influenced by maturation.

d. assimilates reality differently than an adult's does.

D

15. When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer

exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.

a. preoperational

b. concrete operational

c. formal operational

d. sensorimotor

D

16.  The term habituation refers to the:

a. biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.

b. interpretation of new information in terms of existing schemas.

c. awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

d. decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed.

e. adjustment of current schemas to make sense of new information.

D

17. Jason can correctly identify his own right and left hands, but when he faces his father he

consistently misidentifies his father's right and left hands. Jason's difficulty illustrates what

Piaget called:

a. habituation.

b. conservation.

c. assimilation.

d. egocentrism.

e. object permanence.

D

18. The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience.

Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ________ parents.

a. authoritative

b. authoritarian

c. egocentric

d. rejecting-neglecting

B

19.) According to Piaget, egocentrism is most characteristic of the ________ stage of cognitive development:

a.) sensorimotor

b.) pre operational

c.) concrete operational

d) formal operational

e.) assimilation

B

20.) The Harlow studies of monkey’s attachment concluded that:_______________

a.) food was the monkey’s greatest motivator

b.) contact was preferred by monkey’s

c.) lonliness was experienced by monkeys that were without playmates

d.) imprinting matters more than attachment

e.) the temperature of the test rooms was the most important variable

B

21.) In preconventional morality, a person behaves based on_________________

a.) a sense of moral obligation

b.) gaining social approval

c.) avoiding punishment

d.) the universal good of humanity

e.) obeying the laws

C

22.) According to Erikson, ___________ is a key task of adolescence

a.) experimenting with drugs and alcohol

b.) searching for identity

c.) learning to reason abstractly

d.) establishing intimacy

e.) experiencing generavity

B

23.) Konrad Lorenz’s work illustrated the strength of _______________

a.) conservation   b.) language acquisition  c.) imprinting  d.) assimilation  e.) accommodation

C

24.)  The best evidence that day old human infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on:

a.) imprinting  b.) conservation  c.) the rooting reflex   d.) object permanence  e.) habituation

E

25.) According to Piaget, assimilation involves:

a.) the absorption of nutrients into the body for growth and development

b.) training children in a socially acceptable manner

c.) interpreting new experiences in terms of ones current understanding

d.) altering existing schemas in order to incorporate new information

C

26.) Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called:

a.) habituation  b.) accommodation  c.) egocentrism  d.) assimilation  e.) maturation

B

27.) In recognizing the inaccuracies of ones own ethnic stereotypes and revising his or her beliefs an individual most clearly illustrates the process of:

a.) habituation   b.) attachment  c.) assimilation   d.) imprinting   e.) accommodation

E

28.) According to Piaget, children in the pre operational stage are able to:

a.) represent objects with weords and images

b.) reason abstractly and test hypotheses

c.) understand the world only by observing the consequences of their own actions

d.) think logically about tangible things

A

29.) The discovery that a 5 month old infant stares longer at numerically impossible outcomes suggests that Piaget:

a.) underestimated the importance of imprinting on infant attachment

b.) overestimated the impact of culture on infant intelligence

c.) underestimated the cognitive capabilities of infants

d.) overestimated the continuity of cognitive development

C

30.) According to Piaget, an egocentric child can be best described as:

a.) selfish  b.) conceited   c.) lacking self esteem   d.) cognitively limited

D

31.) Grant notices that his sausage is sliced into 6 pieces, whereas his brothers is sliced into 9. He understands , however, that his brothers’ sausage is not actually any larger than his own. This indicates that Gilbert has by now reached the _______ stage of development.

a.) concrete operational   b.) sensorimotor  c.) formal operational   d.) pre operational

A

32.) Lambs raised in a barn where cattle are kept tend to stay near the cattle when subsequently placed in open pasture. This best illustrates the process known as:

a.) assimilation  b.) imprinting  c.) conservation   d.) accommodation   e.) the rooting reflex

B

33.) The Alberts establish and enforce rules for their kids to follow. They give reasons for the rules and invite discussion when new rules are made.Psychologists would characterize the Alberts as _______

a.) authoritarian   b.) legalistic  c.) authoritative   d.) permissive

C

34.) Key Psychologist involved in defining authoritarian/authoritative and permissive:

a.) Harry Harlow  b.) Carol Gilligan  c.) Erik Erikson  d.) Diana Baumrind  e.) Lev Vygotsky

D

35.) Cognitive development is to _________ as moral development is to ________

a.) Gilligan; Kohlberg

b.) Kohlberg; Erikson

c.) Piaget; Erikson

d.) Erikson;Piaget

e.) Piaget; Kohlberg

E

36.) A student who does not cheat on tests because he does not want to violate classroom rules is in Kohlbergs_______ stage.

a.) preconventional   b.) pre operational   c.) conventional   d.) post conventional

C

37.) A post conventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value:

a.) individualism  b.) social harmony   c.) socialism   d.) communism   e.) childrens welfare

A

38.)Harry asks people of different ages to complete a measure of life satisfaction. He then looks for life satisfaction differences of different age levels. Harry is conducting a __________ study.

a.) longitudinal   b.) factor analytic   c.) cross sectional   d.) social psychological

C

39.) Carol Gilligan had harsh criticism of this psychologist due to his perceived gender bias:

a.) Piaget  b.) Erikson  c.) Kohlberg  d.) Harlow  e.) Lorenz

C

40.) Difference Feminism is most closely associated with:

a.) Diana Baumrind  b.) Carol Gilligan  c.) Mary Ainesworth  d.) Elizabeth Kubler Ross   

B

B