1 Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?
|
a. |
Ivan
Pavlov |
|
b. |
B. F.
Skinner |
|
c. |
Max Wertheimer |
|
d. |
John
Watson |
2
Which of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free will"?
|
a. |
psychodynamic
psychology |
|
b. |
behaviorism |
|
c. |
humanistic
psychology |
|
d. |
neo-Freudian
psychology |
3
Which of the following statements concerning psychodynamic psychology is true?
|
a. |
Freud's
theories were very involved and extensive, but they ended up contributing very little to our understanding of human behavior. |
|
b. |
Freud's
theories remain influential today and are largely unchanged from their first conceptualizations. |
|
c. |
Almost
immediately, many of Freud's students broke away from his theories in order to modify and change them. |
|
d. |
Psychodynamic
psychology focuses on observable behaviors. |
|
|
4
"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is represented by which of the following?
|
a. |
the Gestalt
psychologists. |
|
b. |
the behaviorists. |
|
c. |
the structuralists. |
|
d.
|
the functionalists
|
5
The goals of psychology are to
|
a. |
develop
effective methods of psychotherapy. |
|
b. |
describe,
predict, understand, and control behavior. |
|
c. |
explain
the functioning of the human mind. |
|
d. |
compare,
analyze, and control human behavior |
6
The term cognition refers to
|
a. |
predicting
the future. |
|
b. |
analysis
and synthesis. |
|
c. |
thinking
or knowing. |
|
d. |
introspection |
7
The study of mental processes such as thinking, perception, information processing, etc. is a key element in __________ psychology.
|
a. |
humanistic |
|
b. |
cognitive |
|
c. |
Behavioral
d. psycho
dynamic |
8
If you were to walk into a laboratory where the effects of intense punishment on a rat's ability to form a discrimination
was being studied, you would be in the lab of a __________ psychologist.
|
a. |
physiological |
|
b. |
developmental |
|
c. |
behavioral |
|
d. |
social |
9.
The psychodynamic view emphasizes the role of __________ in development.
|
a. |
external
rewards and punishments |
|
b. |
internal
impulses, desires, and conflicts |
|
c. |
subjective
experiences, potentials, and ideals |
|
d. |
physiology,
genetics, biochemistry, and evolution |
|
|
10.
Psychology is
|
a. |
the study
of human origins, evolution, and cultures. |
|
b. |
the scientific
study of behavior and mental processes of any living creature. |
|
c. |
a natural
science integrating physiology and neurology. |
|
d. |
the deductive
study of forms and functions of human groups. |
11.
Of the following, who was a structuralist?
|
a. |
B. F.
Skinner |
|
b. |
John
Watson |
|
c. |
Wilhelm
Wundt
d. William James
12. Psychiatrists
differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists
|
a. |
are physicians
with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy. |
|
b. |
are extensively
trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud. |
|
c. |
are generally
more eclectic than psychologists. |
|
d. |
have
a Masters or Ph.D. degree with special training in psychological theory and research methods. |
|
| |
|
|
13.
The "father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory was
|
a. |
Wilhelm
Wundt. |
|
b. |
Sigmund
Freud. |
|
c. |
John
B. Watson. |
|
d. |
B. F.
Skinner |
He
wrote the Elements of Psychophysics prior to Wundts entry…___________________
Father
of American Psychology_______________
14.
The structuralist school of psychology
|
a. |
used
introspection to analyze conscious experience. |
|
b. |
relied
heavily on the concept of natural selection. |
|
c. |
was concerned
with experiences as "wholes." |
|
d. |
used
dream analysis to reveal the unconscious.
|
|
|
15.
The key idea in the behavioristic view is that
|
a. |
behavior
is shaped and controlled by one's environment. |
|
b. |
behavior
is the result of clashing forces with the personality. |
|
c. |
behavior
can be understood in terms of the mental processing of information. |
|
d. |
environment
plays a very small role in controlling one's behavior. |
|
|
16.
__________ psychology is concerned with thinking, language, and problem solving.
|
a. |
Behavioristic |
|
b. |
Psychoanalytic |
|
c. |
Cognitive |
|
d. |
Humananistic |
|
|
|
|
17.
The proper use of reward, punishment, and behavior modification are results of
|
a. |
functionalism. |
|
b. |
humanism. |
|
c. |
structuralism. |
|
d. |
behaviorism. |
|
|
|
18. Of the theorists listed below, who helped to develop the humanistic approach in psychology?
|
a. |
Rogers |
|
b. |
Skinner |
|
c. |
Titchener |
|
d. |
Freud |
|
|
Name another well know humanist____________ |
19.
William James wrote Principles of Psychology and founded
|
a. |
structuralism. |
|
b. |
functionalism. |
|
c. |
behaviorism. |
|
d. |
humanism. |
20.
The humanistic viewpoint emphasizes
|
a. |
free
will, self-image, and self-actualization. |
|
b. |
determinism,
the unconscious, and biological drives. |
|
c. |
natural
selection and practical skills. |
|
d. |
the idea
that "the environment is the key causal matrix." |
|
|
|
According
to John B. Watson, psychology is the study of
|
a. |
the mind. |
|
b. |
conscious
experience. |
|
c. |
mental
states. |
|
d. |
behavior. | |
22.
According to the __________ view, the need for love, self-esteem, belonging, self expression, and creativity are as important
as biological needs.
|
a. |
psychodynamic |
|
b. |
behavioristic |
|
c. |
humanistic |
|
d. |
cognitive |
|
|
23.
Which of the following best describes Maslow's concept of self-actualization?
|
a. |
the need
to protect one's self-image through self-deception |
|
b. |
the need
to feel a part of a higher spiritual order |
|
c. |
the need
to develop one's potential fully |
|
d. |
self-actualization |
1.
A correlation between dating frequency and academic success of -1.00 would indicate that:
a.
less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of academic success.
b.
more frequent dating is associated with lower levels of academic success.
c.
it is impossible to predict level of academic success based on knowledge of dating frequency.
d.
dating frequency has no causal influence on academic success.
2.
In order to assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Susan sent a questionnaire
to
every fifteenth person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled
students.
Susan employed the technique of:
a.
random assignment.
b.
naturalistic observation.
c.
replication.
d.
correlation.
e.
random sampling.
3.
Tom quickly notices evidence that supports his negative stereotypes of illegal immigrants, but
he
fails to recognize equally obvious facts contradicting his stereotypes. Tom's observational
strategy
best illustrates:
a.
the false consensus effect.
b.
the hindsight bias.
c.
critical thinking.
d.
the confirmation bias.
5.
The dependent variable in an experiment is the factor:
a.
that is directly manipulated by the investigator.
b.
whose effect is being studied.
c.
that may be influenced by the experimental treatment.
d.
that causes the behavior being studied.
7.
Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between
the
religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion?
a.
the survey
b.
naturalistic observation
c.
the case study
d.
experimentation
8.
Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve:
a.
randomly selecting participants.
b.
studying observable behaviors.
c.
manipulating factors of interest.
d.
all the above.
9.
A researcher would be most likely to discover a negative correlation between:
a.
body height and body weight.
b.
self-esteem and depression.
c.
education and personal wealth.
d.
intelligence and academic success.
14.
Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has learned to play the piano because she consistently
rewards
his efforts to learn with praise and affection. Her belief best illustrates a ________
perspective.
a.
psychiatric
b.
cognitive
c.
biological
d.
psychoanalytic
e.
behavioral
17.
The case study is a research method in which:
a.
a representative sample of people are questioned regarding their
opinions
or behaviors.
b.
an individual is studied in great detail.
c.
organisms are carefully observed in their natural environment.
d.
an investigator manipulates one or more variables that might affect
behavior.
24.
Molly wonders whether personality differences between her African-American and white
friends
result from biological or cultural differences. In this instance, Molly is primarily
concerned
with the issue of:
a.
rationality versus irrationality.
b.
stability versus change.
c.
behavior versus mental processes.
d.
nature versus nurture.
e.
observation versus introspecti
25.
Mr. Brown has gathered evidence showing that the weight of grade school students correlates
positively
with reading skill. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that body weight enhances
reading
ability,
Mr. Brown should first be reminded that:
a.
events often seem more probable in hindsight.
b.
random sequences of events often don't look random.
c.
sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations.
d.
correlation does not prove causation.
e.
the tendency to seek confirming information promotes illusory
correlations.
26.
Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzees in the jungle are using a
research
method known as:
a.
the survey.
b.
experimentation.
c.
naturalistic observation.
d.
the case study.
e.
random sampling.
29.
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to:
a.
ignore disconfirming evidence.
b.
reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested.
c.
exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past
events.
d.
assume that correlation proves causation.
e.
overestimate the extent to which others share their
opinions.
30.
Dr. Lewis is involved in an applied research study of customer satisfaction with a newly
developed
line of facial cosmetics and other beauty aids. Dr. Lewis is most likely a(n) ________
psychologist.
a.
clinical
b.
developmental
c.
biological
d.
personality
e.
industrial/organizational
33.
Random assignment is most likely to be utilized in ________ research.
a.
survey
b.
case study
c.
correlational
d.
experiment
34.
Because she had a serious traffic accident on Friday the 13th of last month, Sheryl is
convinced
that all Friday the 13ths will bring bad luck. Sheryl's belief best illustrates:
a.
the illusion of control.
b.
illusory correlation.
c.
the hindsight bias.
d.
the false consensus effect.
e.
random sampling.
